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This paper presents a search for high redshift galaxies from theEuclidEarly Release Observations program ‘Magnifying Lens.’ The 1.5 deg²area covered by the twin Abell lensing cluster fields is comparable in size to the few other deep near-infrared surveys such as COSMOS, and so provides an opportunity to significantly increase known samples of rare UV-bright galaxies atz≈ 6–8 (M_UV≲ −22). Beyond their still uncertain role in reionisation, these UV-bright galaxies are ideal laboratories from which to study galaxy formation and constrain the bright-end of the UV luminosity function. Of the 501 994 sources detected from a combinedY_E,J_E, andH_ENISP detection image, 168 do not have any appreciable VIS/I_Eflux. These objects span a range in spectral colours, separated into two classes: 139 extremely red sources; and 29 Lyman-break galaxy candidates. Best-fit redshifts and spectral templates suggest the former is composed of bothz≳ 5 dusty star-forming galaxies andz≈ 1–3 quiescent systems. The latter is composed of more homogeneous Lyman-break galaxies atz≈ 6–8. In both cases, contamination by L- and T-type dwarfs cannot be ruled out withEuclidimages alone. Additional contamination from instrumental persistence is investigated using a novel time series analysis. This work lays the foundation for future searches within the Euclid Deep Fields, where thousands morez≳ 6 Lyman-break systems and extremely red sources will be identified. 

We report the discovery of a complete Einstein ring around the elliptical galaxy NGC 6505, atz = 0.042. This is the first strong gravitational lens discovered inEuclidand the first in an NGC object from any survey. The combination of the low redshift of the lens galaxy, the brightness of the source galaxy (I_E = 18.1 lensed,I_E = 21.3 unlensed), and the completeness of the ring make this an exceptionally rare strong lens, unidentified until its observation byEuclid. We present deep imaging data of the lens from theEuclidVisible Camera (VIS) and Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) instruments, as well as resolved spectroscopy from theKeckCosmic Web Imager (KCWI). TheEuclidimaging in particular presents one of the highest signal-to-noise ratio optical/near-infrared observations of a strong gravitational lens to date. From the KCWI data we measure a source redshift ofz = 0.406. Using data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) we measure a velocity dispersion for the lens galaxy ofσ_⋆ = 303 ± 15 km s⁻¹. We model the lens galaxy light in detail, revealing angular structure that varies inside the Einstein ring. After subtracting this light model from the VIS observation, we model the strongly lensed images, finding an Einstein radius of 2.″5, corresponding to 2.1 kpc at the redshift of the lens. This is small compared to the effective radius of the galaxy,R_eff ∼ 12.″3. Combining the strong lensing measurements with analysis of the spectroscopic data we estimate a dark matter fraction inside the Einstein radius off_DM = (11.1_−3.5^+5.4)% and a stellar initial mass-function (IMF) mismatch parameter ofα_IMF = 1.26_−0.08^+0.05, indicating a heavier-than-Chabrier IMF in the centre of the galaxy. 

The Cosmic Dawn Survey (DAWN survey) provides multiwavelength (UV/optical to mid-IR) data across the combined 59 deg²of the Euclid Deep and Auxiliary fields (EDFs and EAFs). In this work, the first public data release from the DAWN survey is presented. The catalogues made available herein consist of a subset of the full DAWN survey that includes two EDFs: EDF North (EDF-N) and EDF Fornax (EDF-F). Each field has been covered by the ongoing Hawaii Twenty Square Degree Survey (H20), which includes imaging from the CFHT MegaCam in theufilter and from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) in thegrizfilters. Each field has been further covered bySpitzer/IRAC 3.6–4.5µm imaging spanning 10 deg²and reaching ~25 mag AB (5σ). All present H20 imaging and all publicly available imaging from the aforementioned facilities were combined with the deepSpitzer/IRAC data to create source catalogues spanning a total area of 16.87 deg²in EDF-N and 2.85 deg²in EDF-F for this first release. These catalogues are referred to as the ‘pre-launch’ (PL), asEucliddata is not yet public for these fields and therefore it is not included. Photometry was measured from these multiwavelength data usingThe Farmer, a novel and well validated model-based photometry code. Photometric redshifts and stellar masses were computed using two independent codes for modelling spectral energy distributions:EAZYandLePhare. Photometric redshifts show good agreement with spectroscopic redshifts (σ_NMAD~ 0.5,η <8% ati< 25). Number counts, photometric redshifts and stellar masses were further validated in comparison to the COSMOS2020 catalogue. The DAWN survey PL catalogues are designed to be of immediate use in these two EDFs and will be continuously updated and made available as both new ground-based data and spaced-based data fromEuclidare acquired and made public. Future data releases will provide catalogues of all EDFs and EAFs and includeEucliddata. 

Euclidwill provide deep near-infrared (NIR) imaging to ∼26.5 AB magnitude over ∼59 deg²in its deep and auxiliary fields. The Cosmic DAWN survey combines dedicated and archival UV–NIR observations to provide matched depth multiwavelength imaging of theEucliddeep and auxiliary fields. The DAWN survey will provide consistently measuredEuclidNIR-selected photometric catalogues, accurate photometric redshifts, and measurements of galaxy properties to a redshift ofz ∼ 10. The DAWN catalogues includeSpitzerIRAC data that are critical for stellar mass measurements atz ≳ 2.5 and high-zscience. These catalogues complement the standardEuclidcatalogues, which will not includeSpitzerIRAC data. In this paper, we present an overview of the survey, including the footprints of the survey fields, the existing and planned observations, and the primary science goals for the combined data set. 

The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown.Euclidis a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14 000 deg²of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance.